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Properties |
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Tensile Strength : The capability of a material to withstand tensile loads without fracture occurring.
The material is in tension.
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Compressive Strength : The capability of a material to withstand maximum compressive stress without failure.
The material is in compression.
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Shear Strength : The capability of a material to withstand maximum shear stress without rupture.
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Toughness : The capability of a material to resist shatter. If a material shatters, it is brittle such as glass.
If it fails to shatter and subjected to an impact load, it is tough such as rubber.
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elasticity : The capability of a material to deform under stress and return to its original size and shape when
the stress is removed.
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Plasticity : The deformation of a material undergoing non-reversible changes of shape in response to applied
forces. It takes a permanent set and will not recover when the load is removed.
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Ductility : The capability of a material to be plastically deformed by elongation without fracture.
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Malleability : The capability of a material to be flattened into thin sheets without cracking
by the processes of hammering or rolling.
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Hardness : The capability of a material to withstand scratching or indentation by another hard body. Those
processes increase the tensile strength which increase the hardness of material. At the same time the material becomes
more brittle as the toughness of material is reduced. The types of hardness : Scratch Hardness, Indentation Hardness,
Rebound Hardness.
- Scratch Hardness: Ability of a material to resist fracture or plastic (permanent) deformation due to
friction from a sharp object.
- Indentation Hardness: Ability of a material to resist plastic (permanent) deformation due to a constant load
from a sharp object.
- Rebound Hardness: The height of the bounce of an object which is dropped on the material related to elasticity.
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Tensile Test : It is commonly used to determine the strength and ductility of a material. It involves loading
a standard specimen axially. Mechanically or hydraulically the load is increased at a constant rate. Until the specimen
finally fractures it increases in length. The specimen is gripped at each end during the test.
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